Explain the major differences between the network protocols UDP, TCP and IP.
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{\bf Solution}: UDP is connectionless, offers no error correction etc., data is sent directly without handshake, typically used for real-time protocols. TCP is connection-oriented, offers error correction, flow control (also congestion control), bidirectional reliable data transfer. IP is on a different layer (Layer 3 / network layer) compared to TCP and UDP (Layer 4 / transport layer), IP is connectionless transports datagrams between endpoints, supports routing etc.}
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\subsection{TCP Characteristics}
Fill the gaps with appropriate values for the corresponding TCP header fields:
{\bf Solution}: 2: Flags = SYN+ACK, 3: Flags = ACK, 5: ACK = sa+900, Data-Length = 400 (according to ACK in 7), 6: SEQ = sa+900, Data-Length = 100 (due to limit in (Receive) Window Size), 7: sa+1000.}
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\subsection{Network Addresses}
Insert the Layer 2 and Layer 3 addresses used the following transfer from Computer A to Computer B. How many IP addresses can exist in the subnet Computer B is placed in? What is the network address of this subnet?